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Elimination
Alkenes can be formed from substituted alkanes by splitting off one binding partner on each of two adjacent carbon atoms. Such a reaction is called elimination.
Halogen atoms (chlorine, bromine, iodine) can be split off particularly easily. Another hydrogen atom is split off from the adjacent carbon atom and an alkene and hydrogen halide are formed. The reaction equation shows the elimination of from 1-bromo-butane, whereby 1-butene is formed. These reactions are base-catalyzed, so they take place in an alkaline solution.
